Cold War Crices: Berlin vs Cuba Effects

Focus of the topic

注: Berlin Wall Crisisではない、 Blockadeの方

Background Info

Body

Effect on Tensions

Berlin

Decreased tensions in Europe

However, Berlin remains tense

Cuba

Nuclear tension decreased

Cuba remains as a point of tension

Effect on Course

Berlin

E/W Blocs Formalized

NATO etc

Focus of cold war shifted to Asia

Cuba

Leads to detente period

Castro intervention

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以下は整理前

Impact (effect) similarities

1/ Both brought the USA and USSR dangerously close to conflict, especially after the Vienna Summit (for Berlin) and after missiles were discovered (for Cuba).

2/ Both ultimately led to an easing of tension – though the arms race continued and intensified.

cuba:

hotline, removal of nukes from cuba and turkey

Test-ban treaty 1963

non-proliferation treaty 1968

However, revisionist historians

Hindsight records shows that nuclear arms did not stop after treaties, even in detente

Berlin: Resolved "German Questiona"

3/ The handling of both crises was criticized by other Communist countries.

cuba and china, didnt know

embarrasment

4/ It could be argued that the outcome of both crises was a failure for Khrushchev but a victory for Kennedy.

berlin: speech by Kennedy "Berliner"

5/ However, in both crises Khrushchev had gained something

berlin: the sealing of the escape route via west Berlin

cuba: the dismantling of the missile bases in Turkey

Impact differences

1/ The Berlin Wall resolved the issue that had led to the crises – the USA was content to let the wall remain and there was no longer pressure on the USSR over the human exodus. Although the wall was embarrassing, the fact that Khrushchev was forced to remove missiles from Cuba was deeply humiliating. The USSR lost a lot of credibility as a result of the crises.

exodus: many people leaving

2/ The issue of missiles in Cuba was more dangerous; having missiles only 90 miles off the coast of the USA was an even greater issue for America than the question of Berlin.

3/ The Cuban Missile Crisis was far more damaging for the USSR in terms of its relationship with other Communist countries; the results were condemned by the PRC and led to a period of hostility and resentment from Castro’s Cuba.

4/ Whereas the results of the Berlin Crisis led to the refocusing of superpower rivalry to other regions, the Cuban Missile Crisis led to a more tangible period of rapprochement as both sides wanted to prevent another crisis on this level. It led to the development of more direct lines of communication and it led to arms talks.

Significance (effect of future relations) similarities

1/ Both showed that the two sides were prepared to pull back from the brink to prevent a nuclear war.

"brink" of brinkmanship

Significance differences

1/ The Berlin Wall removed the issue of Germany – as a source of conflict – from the Cold War, but Cuba remained an ongoing problem for America.

2/ The Cuban Missile Crisis had a greater impact on the behaviour of the two superpowers and ultimately helped lead to arms agreements and to détente.

3/ The Cuban Missile Crisis further developed the Sino-Soviet split

他にかけそうな事（後で分類する）

Berlin

NATO Established

end of Monroe Doctorine

West Germany first do not join, but then admitted in 1954 -> Nuclear weapons in UUSR Borders

-> Warsaw Pact 1955

= Militarily divided, not only politicaly, tension increased

Cuba

Affected Soviet Politics

Soviet seen as a loser on this crisis, Khruchev deposed 2 years later due to preceived weakness over the crisis

Led to replacement to Brezhnev

Possible Essay Questions

Resources

Notes